What is Rendering
Common Rendering Methods
Wire Frame
Wire frame.
Wire frame.
Z Buffer
Z buffer algorithm ...
and another polygon is added.
Z buffered.
Z buffered.
Ray Tracing
Ray tracing diagram.
Ray tracing diagram.
Ray traced.
Ray traced.
Ray traced.
Speed Issues
Imagine what it took to ray trace this ...
And this would have been worse.
A simple contrived ray traced scene.
Octree formed by ray tracing contrived scene.
Octree formed by ray tracing contrived scene.
Octree formed by ray tracing the 300 spheres.
Radiosity
Radiosity.
Radiotity - See the adaptive polygon subdivision.
Radiosity example.
Radiosity example.
Radiosity example.
What Color Is the Object at This Pixel?
Direct Evaluation (Figuring It Out the Hard Way)
The Phong Lighting Model
Phong lighting model diagram.
Facet shading diagram.
Facet shaded.
Smooth shading diagram.
Smooth shaded.
How specular exponent works.
Emissive.
Mirror diagram.
Mirror example.
Diffuse diagram.
Diffuse example.
Specular diagram.
Specular example.
Specular diagram.
Specular example.
Diffuse and specular diagram.
Diffuse and specular example.
Interpolation (Fudging It for Most of the Pixels)
Flat Shading
Flat shaded.
Linear (Gouraud) Shading
Bi-linear interpolation diagram.
Gouraud shaded.
Phong Shading
Phong shaded by ray tracing.
Mach Bands
See the Mach bands.
Bad case of Mach bands ...
made better by finer tesselation.
Compositing
Overlay Where Not Zero
Alpha Buffering
Alpha buffering algorithm.
Background.
Semi-transparent Overlay.
Combination.
Alpha Buffered Rendering
Alpha buffered rendering example.
Chroma Keying
Aliasing (The Jaggies)
Aliased.
Anti-aliased.
Where The Jaggies Come From
How Are Jaggies Avoided?
Aliased.
Anti-aliased.
They Aren't
A Simple Way
Box filter diagram.
A Better Way
Better filter diagram.
Aliasing in Time
Texture Mapping
A texture.
An object.
A texture mapped object.
A texture.
A texture mapped object.
Fancy texture mapping example.
Other Forms of Texture Mapping
Bump mapping example.
Bump mapping example.
Dithering
Smooth ramp.
Approximated with only black and white.
Dithered image.
Dithered image closeup.